| In the late 19th century the music world was graced by | | | | Spring appears to be complex at first, but after |
| an artist who would push the boundaries of music and | | | | analysis one will find that in the very least it explores |
| art. Richard Wagner laid the foundation for | | | | the various aspects of iconoclasm. |
| performance art. Wagner combined several art forms | | | | After a theme has been chosen, the thematic |
| into a cohesive unit. One of the primary elements that | | | | development must be created. The thematic |
| Wagner would use to create this holistic creation was | | | | development in essence brings life to a theme. The |
| music, which was the driving force for many of his | | | | question that an artist must address is how one wants |
| pieces. But he incorporated other media such as | | | | the story to develop? During this stage one must |
| scenic design, costumes, and intricate themes. The | | | | choose as to whether the story will develop in a linear |
| themes of many of his operas explored love between | | | | or abstract form. A story that is linear generally has |
| people and were at times expressed through mythical | | | | the simple format of a beginning, middle, and end. In |
| elements. | | | | contrast to this format, the abstract method generally |
| After the passing of Wagner, the collective art world | | | | shows various aspects of a whole. Furthermore, the |
| would remain dormant for some 30 years after his | | | | abstract format can be a brief excerpt of a situation. |
| death. In the early 20th century collective art was | | | | Afternoon of a Fawn is an example of this method. It |
| revived through Serge Diaghilav's Ballets Russes. His | | | | only shows an encounter of a woman meeting a |
| company would explore collective art in a different | | | | fawn in the forest. In relation to the first description of |
| direction than Wagner. One of the primary aspects of | | | | the abstract method, Act I of The Rite of Spring, |
| Wagner's operas and Diaghilav's productions was that | | | | exhibits the various ceremonies that represent the |
| the Ballets Russes never used speech to narrate the | | | | creation of the earth. Unlike Act I of The Rite of Spring, |
| story. Wagner on the other hand used speech and | | | | Act II follows a linear format. It begins with the selection |
| vocals to express the narration. Additionally, the | | | | of a virgin to be sacrificed. From this selection, the |
| method of creation between the Ballets Russes and | | | | story proceeds into the next stage of development |
| Wagner was that Wagner primarily produced almost | | | | where the honoring of the chosen virgin is made public. |
| every aspect of the performance, while on the other | | | | Afterwards, the story ends with the sacrifice. |
| hand the Ballets had an expert in each field to give | | | | In addition to addressing the issue of whether thematic |
| direction. For example, the story line to The Rite of | | | | development will be abstract or linear, the collective |
| Spring was created by Stravinsky, but the | | | | artist must address if dialogue will be used. If dialogue is |
| choreography was developed by Vaslav Nijinsky. In | | | | used, then it should be created during this stage. The |
| contrast to this piece, almost every aspect of | | | | last part of this stage is to determine how the story will |
| Wagner's Das Rheingold was created by Wagner. | | | | be divided into sections. The purpose of using sections, |
| Wagner created the music, designed the stage set, | | | | for the most part, is to maintain clarity of thought and |
| instructed the movement of the actors, and all other | | | | aid in the development of the theme. The hierarchy |
| things. The primary difference in the method between | | | | that a story can be divided into primarily includes acts |
| Wagner and the Ballets Russes is that the Ballets | | | | and scenes. An act, by definition is part of a whole and |
| Russes relied on input from one expert from each | | | | within each act a portion of the theme is explored. |
| media and Wagner used a solo approach. | | | | Scenes, on the other hand, are the smallest part of an |
| Many of the above artistic works have been archived | | | | act and they essentially support the act's proportionate |
| through various means such as scores, librettos, and all | | | | theme. |
| other things. But unfortunately the methods of creation | | | | After the collective artist has addressed the questions |
| for these productions have been rarely recorded and | | | | dealing with the theme and story development, now |
| or available for scholarly inspection. In the two | | | | the artist needs to create a libretto. A libretto, in |
| examples above, one can find a libretto on each, which | | | | essence, is an outline detailing all of the elements of the |
| outlines the overall story, but does not help the artist to | | | | production. It includes the dialogue, scenic design, stage |
| learn how to create a multi-artistic piece. In this | | | | lighting, and all other things. The purpose for a libretto |
| installment of several articles, the questions that will be | | | | gives the creative artist(s) a point of reference when |
| addressed and answered include: What is a libretto? | | | | they begin to produce the production. Some important |
| How can a libretto aid in developing a story line? How | | | | features of the libretto include a synopsis of the |
| does one choose a theme? Should the story | | | | production both whole and in part. Additionally, the |
| development be linear or abstract? | | | | libretto will include any dialogue that is used. The last |
| The first issue that a collective artist must address is | | | | aspect that one will see in a libretto is any stage |
| the theme that will be explored. A theme is the | | | | commands, lighting effects, visual elements, and all |
| foundation for a production. Themes can be simple or | | | | other things. These elements usually outline their |
| complex in design. Debussy's Afternoon of a Fawn | | | | function and when they will occur. |
| has a simple theme in that it explores the end of | | | | After an artist has created a theme, determined the |
| teenage years and marks the beginning of adulthood. | | | | thematic development, and compiled all these aspects |
| In addition to this piece, Wagner's Flying Dutchmen | | | | into a libretto. Then they move onto the next stage of |
| investigates the intricacies of an interpersonal | | | | the creative process. In the next article, I will discuss |
| relationship. In these two examples the themes are | | | | this process and how it relates to the various arts. |
| fairly straightforward. In contrast to the Flying | | | | Furthermore, I will detail the strengths and weakness of |
| Dutchmen and Afternoon of a Fawn, The Rite of | | | | a few media. |