| Lynch and Rose (1993) provide a detailed outline of the | | | | defined. To design a network consisting of different |
| history of the Internet. The Internet is not new, nor is it | | | | remote computers, researchers had to develop an |
| a single entity; it was born about 35 years ago as a | | | | idea to solve contrasting manufacture’s networking |
| U.S. Defense Deparment network called APRnet. | | | | protocols, data lines, and hardware, etc. The result of |
| Krol (1992) states that the “APRAnet was an | | | | their toils was TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol |
| experimental network designed to support military | | | | Internet Protocol). It was designed to connect |
| research in particular, research about how to build | | | | different networks to each other and still have the |
| networks that could withstand partial outages (like | | | | hosts to communicate with at the same time. The |
| bomb attacks) and still function.” | | | | idea of E-mail was not conceived until 1971, at which |
| The actual experiment for the Internet did not begin | | | | time two programmers at Bolt Beranek and Newman |
| until 1968, when Information Processing Techniques | | | | (BBN) devised the plan of sending each other |
| Office (IPTO) connected computers over a shared | | | | messages through their computer network. |
| network. This experiment focused on the host | | | | An Internet virus attacked the Internet, paralyzing |
| computers which store the data and computational | | | | thousand of host computers on November 1st, 1988. |
| resources shared by attached terminals, there was no | | | | This incident exposed the vulnerability of the Internet, |
| visible attempt to create a large resource sharing | | | | and also raised the public awareness of the dark side |
| computer network at the time. | | | | of the electronic communication. |
| In 1967, a year prior to the actual experiment, Frank | | | | Due to new technologies and organizational |
| Westerverlt of the University of Michigan wrote a | | | | restructuring, the U.S. Defense Department decided to |
| research paper on how to exchange messages | | | | put an end of the APRAnet. Together with several |
| between different computers in a network setting, and | | | | networks such as NSFnet, NASA, and the Department |
| how to select the types of communications lines and | | | | of Energy, the main backbone networks for the |
| data sets. An ad hoc communication Group was | | | | Internet was formed. Al Gore didn’t invent the |
| then selected to experiment on the connection | | | | Internet (he never said he did), but he was the first |
| between computers by dial-up telephone line, based on | | | | politician to promote this technology. I guess that we |
| Westerville’s paper. | | | | have to thank the U. S. Defense Department for |
| In late 1969, a symmetrical host to host protocol, | | | | creating the original Internet, and thank Al Gore for |
| commonly known as Network Protocol was finally | | | | promoting this technology. |