Bird Watching 101

is no one correct "method" in bird-study, any more thanbill, black crown and throat, gray back, and white under
there is in learning to play the piano. Our object is to beparts. It was busily examining the ends of the
able to recognize the birds when we see them, tobranches, sometimes hanging head down, uttering a
become as familiar as possible with their habits, haunts,series of animated notes.
and seasons, to find out what and how many speciesThe best course for beginning to become familiar with
are to be found in a region or locality, and perhapsthese groups is to find out in the bird-books what are
take photographs of them. So long as we are able tothe principal groups represented in the region where
accomplish these results, it makes little difference howone lives. Then, if possible, go to a museum and
we do it; there is no compulsory order or exactexamine a few of the species in each group. In this
program. Nevertheless there are things which soonerway one will get a very vivid idea of family
or later must be done and must be learned in someresemblances, and it will be a mighty help afield. If there
way. Suggestions will facilitate progress, and, byis no museum near, make the same study from
avoiding waste of time and through securing greaterpictures of birds. In case there are none at home, the
efficiency from the first, the student will advance morepublic library may help out.
rapidly and avoid becoming discouraged andIn order to be properly equipped for good work it is
abandoning the attempt to know the birds.necessary to secure certain pieces of
At the outset, in undertaking to study birds, it will be ofapparatus,notably a field glass and a handbook of
great help to have some intelligent idea of the classesbirds. As to the first, I would state emphatically that it is
or types of birds with which we may becomenot at all necessary to purchase anything expensive or
acquainted. Most people know a sparrow, a hawk, orcumbersome. An ordinary opera glass will do very well.
a duck when they see it. There are various kinds orCombine the qualities of a reasonably high power and
species of sparrows, hawks, and ducks, but thea light weight. It does not necessarily follow that a
several species in each of these groups have "aglass is so very "strong" because it is heavy. What
family likeness," certain general characteristics inone wants in a glass is mainly to be able to see birds
common. Now there are not so many of these groupsclearly enough to identify them, and a good ordinary
but that one can give a distinct idea of each withoutglass of fair size, the best one can get for a moderate
too great effort. Then, when a bird is clearly seen, oneexpenditure, will suffice for all-round work. Such a glass
will have a pretty good idea as to where it belongs,is as good as any other for work in a swamp,
and will only have to compare descriptions of a fewshrubbery, or foliage, where the birds, to be seen at all,
species to find the right one.are encountered at close range.
There is a great difference in the state of mind of theUnder conditions of this sort a very high-power glass is
person equipped with this knowledge who tries tonot only unnecessary, but distinctly not so good, as it is
identify birds and that of another who encounters thevery hard to get the bird in the field of vision and in
birds afield without it. I recall most vividly my firstfocus. With the ordinary opera glass one can pick up a
meeting, when a boy, with a certain common bird, andbird in the thicket almost instantly, whereas with the
how utterly puzzled I was. One day in late autumn, as Iother it becomes a vexatious hunt, and by the time
passed through a grove in the suburbs of Boston, Ione has got the range, the bird may very likely have
came close upon a tiny bird with a small, rather sharpdeparted.